Microelectronics is the miniaturization of the known technology for a compact and integrated design of electronic component. The most common microelectronic components are semiconductor transistors, which has dramatically revolutionized our life. The first transistor was invented by Shockley and his co-workers at Bell Labs. This opened a new era for semiconductor technology which resulted in the elimination of bulky vacuum tubes. The use of semiconductors, especially silicon, allowed miniaturization of the components as well as faster and more reliable performance.
Microelectronic components are created by processing wafers of semiconductors such as silicon to obtain the desired transport of electronic charge and control of current. The field of microelectronics involves a significant amount of chemistry and material science and requires the electronic engineer working in the field to have a very good working knowledge of the effects of quantum mechanics.
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